Conduct Disorder in Adolescents Essay -- Psychology Psychiatry Parenti

Lead Disorder in Adolescents Regular we are hearing increasingly more about a youngster or high schooler that has submitted some horrendous demonstration. On Tuesday April 27, 2004 a twelve-year-old Georgia kid was captured for purportedly utilizing â€Å"his hands to choke a third grader who vanished while riding her bicycle†(McLaughlin, 2004). In February, a twelve-year-old young lady was beaten to obviousness by a gathering of youths and youthful grown-ups while at a birthday celebration in Baltimore. The inquiry we should pose to ourselves is the place are the guardians? Unfortunately, on account of the Baltimore young lady, one of the youthful grown-ups was the parent of one of the youngsters. How do youngsters discover that rough and socially degenerate conduct is adequate? Both of these situations would meet the measures for a mental finding of lead issue (CD). The finding of lead issue in young people can be legitimately credited to the proceeding with absence of parental contribution and backing in the child’s life. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders content update fourth release (DSM-IV-TR) states that â€Å"the fundamental component of Conduct Disorder is a redundant and relentless example of conduct where the essential privileges of others or significant age-proper cultural standards or rules are violated†(2000). The DSM-IV-TR proceeds to list rules for lead issue as, animosity to individuals or creatures (for example constrained sexual action or robbing), obliteration of property (for example fire setting), misdirection or robbery (for example robbery or phony), and genuine infringement of the principles (for example fleeing for timeframes) (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). A kid must have in any event three of those standards present in the previous year, with at any rate one showed in the p... ...d don't get the chance to see their folks until sleep time. In different cases, the youngster is left at home to care for and care for their more youthful kin. Therefore, they disregard school and their own youth. The measure of scorn and doubt that must develop in that kid is incomprehensible. It is clear that the â€Å"home-alone America† pattern will make a breading ground for direct turmoil. Besides, society is going towards making an age who â€Å"may have little sympathy and little worry for the emotions, wishes and prosperity of others† (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). A child’s connection to, regard for, and sound dread of their folks is basic to the child’s’ psychological well-being all through turn of events. It is time that we assume liability for our own kids and ourselves supposing that we don’t, what will these kids show the people to come?

Determinism, Compatiblism, and Libertarianism Research Paper

Determinism, Compatiblism, and Libertarianism - Research Paper Example I will isolate my paper into four primary parts. Section one will be committed to an examination of determinism. I will utilize Paul Holbach’s adaptation of this position. As opposed to section one, section two will handle the libertarian position. Here I will utilize Roderick Chisholm’s form. Furthermore, section three will examine the compatibilist see on through and through freedom. In doing as such, I will utilize A. J. Ayer’s rendition. At last, I will show the principle qualities and shortcomings of each. I will finish up my paper by giving a clarification on why I think compatibilism is the most plausible and commonsense among every one of the three. Determinism: Everything Has A Cause Determinism is the view that lays on the presumption that everything has a reason. â€Å"All regulations of determinism suggest that given the past and the laws of nature at some random time, there is just a single conceivable future. Whatever happens is in this manner inev itable† (Kane 285). What does this infer? It essentially infers that â€Å"we couldn't have picked otherwise† (Feinberg and Shafer-Landau 410). To outline this position further, I will investigate Paul Holbach’s variant of hard-determinism. Holbach says that we are not free. Yet, how can he contend for this position? The primary case of determinism is that â€Å"whatever happens is dictated by earlier events† (Sie 2). Holbach is a hard determinist. ... Be that as it may, on the off chance that my activity is controlled by past occasions, at that point I can't act in any case. Consequently, I don’t ever act openly. One can contend that it isn't the situation that I don’t act unreservedly for I have my own thought processes, decisions and I am not controlled. In any case, Holbach invalidates this based on â€Å"the multifaceted nature of human lead and the figment of free agency† (Holbach 463). Holbach contends, we just think we are free since we can't clarify the wonders, yet on a basic level, we can clarify everything by clarifying its causes (463). For example, on the off chance that I can clarify my activities through the laws of nature, at that point we have no utilization with the expectation of complimentary will any longer. So in the event that we find the reason for a given marvels, at that point it invalidates opportunity. In this manner, we are not free. As opposed to determinism is the libertarian pos ition. I will talk about Chisholm’s adaptation of libertarianism next. Libertarianism: a portion of our activities are free Libertarianism contends that a few occasions that happen are not controlled by earlier occasions. In guarding freewill, Chisholm recommends: We should not say that each occasion engaged with the demonstration is brought about by some other occasion; and we should not say that the demonstration is something that isn't caused in any way. The likelihood that remaining parts, in this way, is this: We should state that at any rate one of the occasions that are engaged with the demonstration is caused, not by some other occasions, however by something different. Also, this something different must be the agentâ€the man (440). Given Chisholm’s recommendation, I can say that my activity An is free if and just on the off chance that I am the reason for An and that I could have done another activity B other than A. In the event that determinism is valid, I was unable to have done B. In any case, I could have done B since I am the reason for my activities. My choice to do A made me play out A,

Anticonvulsants for Mania in Bipolar Disorder

Anticonvulsants for Mania in Bipolar Disorder Convulsions are not part of bipolar disorderâ€"so why would anticonvulsants be prescribed to manage mood? Anticonvulsants in the treatment of mania were introduced when their therapeutic value was noted through improved mood stability of those with epilepsy. Initially, they were used for those who were resistant to Lithium treatment. They are now an important alternative both on their own and with other medications. Pros and Cons of Anticonvulsants Different anticonvulsants seem to treat different aspects of bipolar disorder; some, like Depakote and Tegretol, are particularly effective at treating mania. Others, like Lamictal, are more effective at treating depression. Still, others may be less effective at treating immediate symptoms, but do a good job of helping to stabilize mood and thus help to avoid manic or depressive episodes. As with most drugs used to treat bipolar disorder, anticonvulsants do have significant side effects which vary from person to person. For example, most can cause dizziness and drowsiness, headaches, dry mouth, etc. In many cases, though, side effects can lessen over time as your body becomes more accustomed to the medication. There are also more serious side effects that can occur with long-term use of anticonvulsants. For example, pregnant women should avoid anticonvulsants, as they can cause birth defects. Some can cause kidney or liver damage if not carefully monitored. Its also important to know that anticonvulsants can interfere with other medications, so you should let your doctor know about any new medications youve been prescribed or are taking over-the-counter. Despite all the problems associated with anticonvulsants, in some cases, they are more effectiveâ€"and less problematicâ€"than classic treatments. Both anticonvulsants and lithium, for example, take several weeks to reach peak effectivenessâ€"but anticonvulsants usually act more rapidly than lithium. For some people, for whom lithium is less effective or less well tolerated, anticonvulsants can be a good option. Because there are so many different anticonvulsants, each of which works a little differently, it is possible to try more than one to find the best choice for your particular needs. Some Commonly Prescribed Anticonvulsants The following is a list of some of the anticonvulsants most commonly prescribed for bipolar disorder: Valproate (Depakote) In 1995, this drug became the first anticonvulsant approved by the FDA for the treatment of mania. It is often used as a first-line treatment for those who rapid cycle. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) While this medication has not yet received FDA approval as a treatment for mania, its use is quite common. Often individuals find the side effects of this drug too difficult to tolerate. Lamotrigine (Lamictal) Lamotrigine is a second-generation anticonvulsant. Its use is still experimental, but it is a fairly well-tolerated alternative.   Gabapentin (Neurontin) This drug, also a second-generation anticonvulsant, is primarily used in conjunction with other medications to improve their efficacy. Topiramate (Topamax) ?Topiramate in the newest anticonvulsant on the scene. It is also an  adjunctive therapy. It seems to create some difficulties with cognitive functioning but has the benefit of often encouraging weight loss.

Pronouncing the Spanish C and Z

The letter c in Spanish has three sounds that are very different from each other—and one of those sounds, which is also the z sound, varies by region. Fortunately, the distinction as to which sound is used follows a rule similar to the one for determining the pronunciation of c in English. The Three Pronunciations of C The sound of the c depends on the letter that follows, according to these guidelines. When the c is followed by h, the two letters together form the ch sound, which is similar to the ch sound in English in words such as church and cheap. It is never pronounced like the ch in architecture (the Spanish equivalent is arquitectura). When the c is followed by any other consonant or by the vowel  o, or u, it has sound of the English k but is slightly less explosive. Note that the English c has approximately the same sound when followed by the same letters. Thus the Spanish word casa (house) is pronounced as CAH-sah, and clase (class) is pronounced as CLAH-seh. The third sound is the one that varies by region. For most Spanish speakers, including nearly all in Latin America, the c is pronounced as the English s when it comes before an e or i. The same is true in English. So cielo (sky) is pronounced as SYEH-loh for most Spanish speakers, and cena (dinner) is pronounced as SEH-nah. However, in most of Spain, especially outside the areas where Catalan is also spoken, the c before e or i is pronounced as the th in thin—but not the th in that. In most of Spain, then, cielo is pronounced as THYEH-low and cena as THEH-nah. To avoid confusion between the two th sounds, linguists sometimes represent the unvoiced th with ÃŽ ¸, the Greek letter theta. So the pronunciations of the two words might be represented as ÃŽ ¸YEH-loh and ÃŽ ¸EH-nah. Contrary to common belief, the third sound of c in Spain is not a lisp. It is simply the way the letter is pronounced. Pronouncing Z The third c sound represents the z sound as well. The z sound doesnt vary with the letters that follow. Note that the z sound doesnt have the buzz that it does in English. So while you may be tempted to prononce zumbar (to hum) as zoom-BAHR, its correct pronunciation is either soom-BAHR or thoom-BAHR, depending on whether youre in Spain or Latin America. In the Spanish word pizza (which also means pizza as it does in English), the double z is generally pronounced in imitation of Italian, giving the word a pronunciation similar to what it has in English. Spelling With C and Z With few exceptions, the z isnt followed by an e or i in Spanish. Instead, the letter c is used before those letters instead. Thus the Spanish equivalent of zero is cero, for zinc its cinc, and for zebra its cebra. Among the few exceptions are words of foreign origin such as zigzaguear (to zigzag) and zepelà ­n (zeppelin). When a noun or adjective ends in z and is made plural, the z changes to c. Thus the plural of the Spanish word faz (face) is faces, and the plural of pez (fish) is peces. More examples include: Una actriz feliz, dos actrices felices one happy actress, two happy actressesUna nariz, tres narices one nose, three nosesLa luz, las luces the light, the lightsEl juez voraz, los juezes voraces the greedy judge, the greedy judges The c and z can also change in conjugated verb forms. The z changes to c if it is followed by an e, so one of the forms of empezar (to begin) is empecà ©. Also, the c changes to qu when followed by an e or i, so the forms of tocar (to touch or play) include toquà © and toquemos. Some other examples of verb  conjugations affected by these spelling rules include: Comenzar, comencà ©, que comiences, que comiencen to begin, I began, that you begin, that they beginTrozar, trocà ©, que troces, que troccen to break, I break, that you break, that they breakCocer, que yo cueza. que cozamos to cook, that I cook, that we cook

The Study of Ethics Essay - 2006 Words

Examine and comment on the view that the religious and/or moral principles provide essential guidelines for medical ethics, with reference to the topic you have investigated. The principle of sanctity of life should always be considered as first priority in medical ethics, especially in abortion – the topic which I have chosen to investigate – which deals with the life and death of the unborn child that, arguably God only has the right to end. The principle of sanctity of life is the idea that all human life is of equal intrinsic value, except in cases of legitimate defence of others’ lives is it always intrinsically wrong to take human life. This principle therefore defines abortion as an immoral act, because it is an act of destroying†¦show more content†¦It usually takes 10-20 minutes to perform. If the woman is healthy and there are no complications that follow there may be discharged the same day. None of the aforementioned methods appeal to me in general, being bought up a Catholic I generally believe that life starts at the moment of conception and therefore I believe abortion is wrong as it is a destruction of a human life. Abortion is a very sensitive issue and remains one of the most disputed controversial topics which have had many diverse responses. The TV show 23 week Babies: The Price for Life presented statistics of an alarming nature, according to the show, 9 in 100 babies survive after being aborted, and only 1 in 9 of them grow and develop without any disability, the show raises the difficult question ‘it is always right to keep them alive?’ The principle of sanctity of life is that life is sacred from conception. Within medical ethics, this principle would have to be considered when making morally right judgments. 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Descriptive Essay About the 2009 Movie Up Free Essays

I am writing my five paragraph essay on what I like to call, the â€Å"World’s Greatest Move†, the 2009 Pixar animated story called Up. If you look deeper into this crowd proclaimed â€Å"Kid’s Movie† you will find hidden meanings to the movie. You will find sadnesses that you may not have noticed before, happiness in the characters, and deeper meanings to the locations. We will write a custom essay sample on Descriptive Essay About the 2009 Movie Up or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the film Up, although it is a kid’s movie, it is filled with many sad events such as Carl Fredricksen being forced into retiring, Ellie Fredricksen dying, and Russell being fatherless. The first sadness we encounter in the movie is Ellie Fredricksen, Carl Fredricksen’s lifelong love, dying. In this part of the film you see the lovers going on a picnic just like they used to do when they were young which is all happy and you feel really happy inside. Then she falls, and cannot get to the top of the hill where they are having the picnic. It then skips to a scene of Ellie dying in the hospital, then it skips again to the funeral which makes you feel really sad. This all happens in a time span of about 10 mins. When I watch this section of the film, it makes me sad because it is like showing you a cute puppy that you’re excited to care about, watch it grow up and be happy, then all of a sudden taking it away from you and all of that short happiness and excitement you had built up towards that thing. The second sad part that comes into the film is when you witness Mr. Fredricksen being forced into retirement after becoming too old to work at selling balloons at the local zoo, and then evicted from his home. In this part of the film you see Mr. Fredricksen working, then a manager silently walking up to him and giving him the news that he should retire because he is getting really sad and old, and when he gets home he sees an urban development being built around him yet he refuses to sell his home. Then, when a worker named Steve accidentally damages his mailbox he injures Steve, where he then gets a visit from the local retirement home and evicted from his home for being a â€Å"public menace†. When I watch this section, I see how Mr. Fredricksen is just getting overwhelmed by one thing after another because that’s exactly how I feel at times. The third sadness we come across in this film is when we start to put the pieces together about how Russell, the earnest young Wilderness Explorer, does not have a father anymore, and how he lives with his mother and her boyfriend in an apartment. In this scene little Russell explains that he doesn’t have a dad to do activities with, how he is not allowed to have dogs in his apartment, and that he doesn’t call his mom’s boyfriend dad. When I see this part, I get really sad and think that little innocent deserves so much better than the life he has. You learn to love that fat little kid. All in all, the movie has many sad moments that are overlooked by the fact that it’s a kid’s movie. In this film you can also easily see the happiness in this movie such as Russell, Mr. and Mrs. Fredricksen falling in love, and Doug The Dog. First, just when you think that the movie couldn’t get any more bizarre, a chubby 8-year-old wilderness explorer named Russell hitches a ride on Carl’s house, and the two unlikely heroes go on an exotic adventure to the wild jungles of South America. Russell the wilderness explorer is endearingly innocent. Russell makes me feel really happy inside because they made him cute and fat. He also talks really innocently so that just adds to the fun. Secondly, Ellie first met Carl as a child when he wandered into her clubhouse. The two became close friends after realizing they shared a similar admiration for explorer Charles Muntz. Ellie made promises with Carl by saying â€Å"Cross your heart? â€Å". Eventually, Carl and Ellie were married, but were unable to have children. They constantly tried to arrange a trip to Paradise Falls, but every time something always happened to prevent it. After Carl finally managed to acquire a ticket, Ellie died of old age. This part in the movie makes me feel really happy, and a little sad because of the way they fell in love was really cute and funny. The third happiness we come across is Dug the dog. Along their trek toward the falls, Carl and Russell find a strange and very large bird, whom Russell dubs â€Å"Kevin,† and a talking dog named Dug who is hunting the bird. Russell wants to keep them, but Carl does not want any extra tag-a-longs. When a pack of mean dogs sent by Dug’s master show up to get the bird, Carl’s trip takes a whole new turn. As it turns out, the dogs belong to Charles Muntz, the adventurous explorer who inspired Carl and Ellie’s dreams of Paradise Falls. Dug is very funny and adds comic relief. Dug makes me laugh and feel happy about the movie, he does his job as a comic well. All in all, the movie Up How to cite Descriptive Essay About the 2009 Movie Up, Essays

Patient Education Plan for Uterine Fibroids free essay sample

Plan for Uterine Fibroids Uterine fibroids are muscular tumors that grow in the wall of the uterus (womb). Another medical term for uterine fibroids is leiomyoma (leye-oh-meye-OH-muh) or just myoma. Fibroids are almost always benign or non cancerous. Fibroids can grow as a single tumor, or there can be many of them in the uterus. They can be as small as an apple seed or as big as a grapefruit. In unusual cases they can become very large. The factors that increase a woman’s chances of developing fibroids are: age, fibroids are most common in women in their 40s and 50s, family history, women with a family history of fibroids are more likely to have them, ethnic background, African American women are more likely to develop fibroids than other ethnic groups, obesity plays a role in the development of fibroids, for heavy women the risk of having fibroids is two to three time great than average and eating habits also affect the development of uterine fibroids, eating red meat and ham is linked to fibroids (U. We will write a custom essay sample on Patient Education Plan for Uterine Fibroids or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S. Department of Health and Human Services,  2008). Three out of four women will have uterine fibroids. Most women with uterine fibroids are unaware of having them, because they have no symptoms. Women who do have symptoms are bothered by, pain, frequent urination, heavy menstrual bleeding, constipation, prolonged menstrual periods, trouble emptying the bladder, backache and pain in the legs and pain during sex (MayoClinic. com, 2009). The treatment for uterine fibroids depends on the size of the tumors, the number of tumors, and whether or not there are complications associated with the tumors. Ethel C, 47 y/o African American female presented to her gynecologist with complaints of severe abdominal pain several days prior to and during menstrual period, heavy menstrual periods, break through bleeding between her menstrual cycle, nausea and occasional vomiting, the patient complained of backaches, and pain in her hips. The patient is overweight and has a large abdomen, she complains of having a full feeling sometimes. Ethel C. has a family history of uterine fibroids that includes her mother, sister and aunts. The patient has one teenage child. She has had five abortions for various reasons, none related to the uterine fibroids. She is a non-smoker and drinks socially once in a while. Her medical history also includes three surgeries, tonsillectomy, ligament repair to the left ankle and surgery to the left shoulder to remove adhesions, shoulder injury is related to a fall. The patient has a history of chronic bronchitis. The patient complains of fatigue and being cold all the time. When questioned regarding her diet Ethel C. evealed a diet high in carbohydrates and fats. Black women who eat foods high in carbohydrates are more likely to have higher blood sugar and may have a greater risk for uterine fibroids (The U. S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Health,  2010). Ethel C. , states that she has had these symptoms off and on for many years and that over the last two to three years they have become more and more severe. Several diagnostics tests are ordered for the patient. Blood work reveals Ethel C. s anemic which accounts for the fatigue and feelings of coldness and is due to the heavy blood loss. The patient has a pelvic examination and an ultrasound to confirm the presence of fibroids. The result of the patient’s pregnancy test is negative. While assessing Ethel C. for her learning needs there are, some general screening questions should be asked as a part of the general assessment; for example, what does the patient know, how does she perceive her present problems, what skills does she possess and does she have the confidence to use them (Redman, 2007)? When asked these questions, Ethel C. shows competence in her answers. She is knowledgeable about her condition. She has been given her treatment options, which include drug treatment and several surgical treatments. She has a list of questions for her doctor, which includes questions the number, size and location of the fibroids, what treatments does the doctor recommend, are there alternative treatment she could try and are alterations to be with her lifestyle. Ethel C. elongs in the Health Belief Model. Redman (2007) states, â€Å"The health belief model affirms that individuals are not likely to take a health action unless (1) they believe that they are susceptible to the ill health condition in question, (2) they believe that the condition would seriously affect their lives if they should contract it, (3) they believe that the benefits of action outweigh the barriers to action, and (4) they are confident that they can perform the action (self-efficacy). Cues such as an interpersonal crisis or the nature and severity of symptoms trigger action. † From interviewing Ethel and her questions for the gynecologist, she believes she is susceptible to the illness. She knows that the condition is affecting the quality of her life, because of her condition she is very tried and irritable, and this is having a negative affect on her relationship with her family. She has had to take time off from work, usually three to four days due to the pain and heavy bleeding during her menstrual period each month. She has expressed the desire to decide on a course of action to take to treat her condition. Ethel C. does not exhibit any age or developmental issues. She is a visual learner. As an adult the current theory of how she learns is bases on the cognitive practice; the kind of learning most characteristic of the adult phase is transformative learning. With transformative learning the adult goes through a number of changes that transform the individual (Redman, 2007). Redman (2007) stated, â€Å"In cognitive theory, learning is the development of insights or understandings that provide a potential guide for behavior. New insights lead to a reorganization of the individual’s cognitive structure, which is stored internally in visual images and in propositional networks and schemata to organize information. Within this framework, learning makes change in behavior possible, although not necessary. Motivation to take action results from a need to make sense of the world and solve problems. In contrast to behavioral theories that focus on the new behavior to be learned, the cognitive view emphasizes understanding of concepts and theories in the subject matter and general skills and abilities such as reasoning and problem solving. † Teaching is accomplished using tools, both written and audiovisual. Well designed tools have been shown to be effective in creating learning. Written materials are tools used most often. They should be presented in the following manner. †¢ Key messages are easy to find †¢ Stories about people faced with the same issues and their outcomes Step-by-step actions to take †¢ Present information is such a way to that presents information personally relevant to the reader †¢ Provide material sensitive to the culture of those for which it is written, addressing their lifestyle and culture ( Redman,2007) Ethel’s education plan will include both written material and audiovisual aids that explains the different treatment options available to her. It will include diagrams of what her condition may look like. She will be given materials that explain alternative treatments. The material created for the patient will include lifestyle changes that may be beneficial to her treatment, such as changes to her diet. Decision aids will be developed to help her make a decision between the medical options that are available to her. With the educational material designed for Ethel C. and other aids, Ethel C. will be able to make a decision regarding her treatment and lifestyle changes that will be of the most benefit to her regarding her condition and have a positive outcome, improve her relationship with her family and improve her quality of life.